Coenzyme Q10
A naturally-occurring, fat-soluble compound in the ubiquinone family; Coenzyme Q10 is found in cell membranes and lipoproteins. It’s required for the synthesis of mitochondrial ATP, and functions as an antioxidant. Coenzyme Q10 has been used experimentally to treat cardiovascular and mitochondrial diseases. Coenzyme Q10 is often abbreviated as CoQ10. It’s sold as a supplement in either its ubiquinone or reduced ubiquinol form.
See: the Linus Pauling Micronutrient Information Center for more information.
L-Citrulline
A non-protein amino acid that is converted to arginine in the urea cycle. L-citrulline and citrulline salts are often added to NO (nitric oxide) boosters to enhance NO production. Citrulline may be a better source of supplemental arginine than arginine itself. When taken together, arginine and citrulline work synergistically to enhance NO production and improve blood flow.
Citrulline Malate
Citrulline malate is a citrulline salt often found in NO (nitric oxide) boosters and other pre-workout supplements. Citrulline malate can serve as a source of arginine for NO production, and promote aerobic energy production in exercising muscle. There is also some experimental evidence that it can promote resistance to muscle fatigue.
Chocamine
Chocamine is a proprietary cocoa extract produced by RFI Ingredients. It contains methylxanthines (caffeine and related compounds such as theobromine), neurotransmitter-related biogenic amines and flavonoid antioxidants. Chocamine is used in several fat-burning and workout-boosters as a stimulant; and is also sold in bulk powder form.
Caffeine
Also known as 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine; methylxanthine. An alkaloid and central nervous system stimulant found in coffee, tea, cola nuts, guarana and yerba mate. Caffeine can enhance exercise performance, and also has mild thermogenic effects. Because of these effects, caffeine is added to a wide variety of energy drinks, weight loss supplements and pre-workout boosters. Caffeine is addictive, and both caffeine intoxication and withdrawal are recognized psychiatric disorders.
