Citrus aurantium
Commonly referred to as “Bitter Orange,” but may also be known as “Seville Orange” or “Zhi shi.” Citrus aurantium has been used in traditional medicine as a decongestant and treatment for nausea/indigestion. Bitter orange contains a range of phyisiologically active biogenic amines: tyramine, methyltyramine, octopamine and synephrine.
Standardized extracts of Citrus aurantium are commonly used in “ephedra-free” fat loss supplements.
See Paul’s review, “Synephrine, Citrus Aurantium, Advantra Z™: Potent Fat Burner, Or Total Dud?” for more information.
Advantra Z®
A proprietary Citrus aurantium extract made by Nutratech, Inc that’s standardized for synephrine.
See Paul’s review, “Synephrine, Citrus Aurantium, Advantra Z™: Potent Fat Burner, Or Total Dud?” for more information.
Synephrine
A sympathomimetic compound derived from Citrus aurantium (“bitter orange”). Synephrine is chemically related to ephedrine, and used as a substitute in “ephedra-free” fat burners. It’s been claimed that synephrine is as effective as ephedrine, while producing fewer side effects, but the evidence for this is slim. Synephrine appears to be mildly effective for weight loss, but – as Paul notes in his review “there is no evidence to support dramatic results.”
Synephrine is sometimes confused with “Neo-Synephrine” (aka phenylephrine) – an isomer with different pharmacologic properties.
See Paul’s review, “Synephrine, Citrus Aurantium, Advantra Z™: Potent Fat Burner, Or Total Dud?” for more information.
Arginine Ethyl Ester HCl
A delivery form of L-arginine used in certain NO (nitric oxide) boosting bodybuilding supplements. “Ethyl ester technology” is claimed to enhance absorption and utilization, but there is no proof that this is true; or that arginine ethyl ester HCl is more effective than straight L-arginine, let alone traditional delivery forms such as AAKG.
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-chromen-4-one
IUPAC name for Quercetin.
May also be written as 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
