Rubrosterone
An ecdysteroid isolated from Achyranthes rubrofusca – a traditional medicinal herb. Rubrosterone differs from other ecdysteroids used in bodybuilding supplements, as it lacks the side chain present in 20-hydroxyecdysone and its analogs. There is virtually no accessible human or animal research on the effects of rubrosterone in isolation – thus, claims that rubrosterone is “more active” than other ecdysteroids...
Ponasterone A
See 25-Deoxy-20-Hydroxyecdysone.
Theophylline
Also known as dimethylxanthine. Theophylline is a metabolite of caffeine that’s also found naturally in tea. Although it’s less well-known or used in supplements, theophylline – which is used therapeutically as a bronchodilator – has effects on thermogenesis and exercise performance similar to...
Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus is a source of steroidal saponins such as protodioscin. Tribulus allegedly increases testosterone via stimulation of the pituitary gland to produce luteinizing hormone (LH), which, in turn, acts on the testes. This claim is based on older Bulgarian research that has not been replicated in the West. Although it’s known to raise testosterone in animals, recent studies on humans have shown that Tribulus has no significant...
Protodioscin
A steroidal saponin found in various herbs (Tribulus terrestris and fenugreek) used in “male” enhancement/testosterone-boosting supplements. Protodioscin’s reputed aphrodisiac effects may be due to its conversion to DHEA in the body and/or via the release of nitric oxide in penile...
Schizandrol A
Also known as “schizandrin“. A lignan isolated from Schisandra chinensis with potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-amnesiac and hepatoprotective...
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