Beta-Carotene
A member of the carotenoid family of antioxidants with provitamin A activity. The vitamin A activity of beta-carotene in food is approx. 1/12 that of retinol (pre-formed Vitamin A). Beta-carotene is most abundant in orange/yellow vegetables and fruits, such as carrots, pumpkin and winter squash. For more information, see the beta-carotene review in the Vitamins and Minerals...
Carnosine
Also known as L-alanyl-L-histidine. A naturally-occurring dipeptide in muscle tissue. Carnosine has antioxidant activity and can inhibit the formation of harmful advanced glycation end products. Carnosine also helps to buffer hydrogen ions produced during exercise, and thus delay fatigue. See also beta-alanine; Paul’s review of H+Blocker for more...
Beta-Alanine
A non-protein amino acid that’s a precursor to carnosine (beta-alanyl-l-histidine). Carnosine is a dipeptide that’s highly concentrated in muscle tissue. It has antioxidant effects, and acts to buffer hydrogen ions produced during exercise, thus delaying muscle fatigue. Beta-alanine is marketed primarily as a bodybuilding, performance enhancing-supplement. See Paul’s review of H+Blocker, for more...
Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate
Also known as AKG or AAKG. Arginine alpha-ketoglutarate is a salt composed of 2 molecules of the conditionally-essential amino acid L-arginine, plus alpha-ketoglutarate, a Krebs Cycle intermediate and nitrogen transporter (via conversion to L-glutamate). AKG is frequently used in nitric oxide (NO) boosting bodybuilding supplements to increase muscle pump during workouts. See Paul’s review, “An Introduction to Nitric...
Alpha-Carotene
A member of the carotenoid family of antioxidants with provitamin A activity. The vitamin A of alpha-carotene is approx. one-half that of beta-carotene, the best-known carotenoid in the family. Like beta-carotene, alpha-carotene is most abundant in orange/yellow vegetables and fruits, such as carrots, pumpkin and winter...
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