Adenosine Triphosphate
Also abbreviated as ATP. Adenosine triphosphate is a multifunctional nucleotide. It’s the major energy “currency” used to drive energy-consuming activities within cells and is also used in the synthesis of RNA and DNA. ATP supplements are marketed to enhance athletic performance, but the results of scientific studies have been...
Ubiquinone, Ubiquinol
See: Coenzyme Q10.
Coenzyme Q10
A naturally-occurring, fat-soluble compound in the ubiquinone family; Coenzyme Q10 is found in cell membranes and lipoproteins. It’s required for the synthesis of mitochondrial ATP, and functions as an antioxidant. Coenzyme Q10 has been used experimentally to treat cardiovascular and mitochondrial diseases. Coenzyme Q10 is often abbreviated as CoQ10. It’s sold as a supplement in either its ubiquinone or reduced...
L-Citrulline
A non-protein amino acid that is converted to arginine in the urea cycle. L-citrulline and citrulline salts are often added to NO (nitric oxide) boosters to enhance NO production. Citrulline may be a better source of supplemental arginine than arginine itself. When taken together, arginine and citrulline work synergistically to enhance NO production and improve blood...
Citrulline Malate
Citrulline malate is a citrulline salt often found in NO (nitric oxide) boosters and other pre-workout supplements. Citrulline malate can serve as a source of arginine for NO production, and promote aerobic energy production in exercising muscle. There is also some experimental evidence that it can promote resistance to muscle...
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