Dimethylxanthine
See Theophylline.
Theophylline
Also known as dimethylxanthine. Theophylline is a metabolite of caffeine that’s also found naturally in tea. Although it’s less well-known or used in supplements, theophylline – which is used therapeutically as a bronchodilator – has effects on thermogenesis and exercise performance similar to...
Borage Oil
A source of gamma linolenic acid (GLA) used in supplements. Borage oil has a higher percentage of GLA than evening primrose oil (23% – 24%). High quality oil should be used, however, as it may contain traces of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine...
Evening Primrose Oil
A source of gamma linolenic acid (GLA) used in supplements (evening primrose oil is approx. 10% GLA). It’s used therapeutically to treat eczema. Evening primrose oil is also touted as an alternative treatment for a number of other conditions, such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis, diabetic neuropathy, PMS and menopause – but evidence of its effectiveness for these conditions is mixed and...
Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA)
An omega-6 fatty acid found in evening primrose, borage, hemp and black currant seed oil. GLA is also formed naturally in the body from linoleic acid (LA). Unlike (LA-derived) arachidonic acid (AA), however, GLA has anti-inflammatory activity. In the body, GLA is converted to dihomogamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) which competes with arachidonic acid and interferes with the formation of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids from it. In...
Alpha-Linolenic Acid
An omega-3 essential fatty acid found in sources such as flax, hemp, perilla and chia seeds/oils. Alpha-linolenic acid is a precursor to the essential metabolites EPA and DHA, although conversion is often limited and inefficient, due to factors such as gender and competition with (omega-6) linoleic acid – which is often oversupplied in the...
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